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Gas Plants Glossary

A B C D E G H I L M N O P S U V

(A)
Absorption : The process of extracting components (one or more) from a mixture of gases when liquids and gases come into contact.

Acetylene : A highly flammable or explosive, colorless, gas with chemical symbol C2H2.

Air dryer : A device used to dry air and is mounted directly after an air compressor.

Ammonia crackers : It is a device with a furnace comprising a catalyst that breaks up ammonia gas into nitrogen and hydrogen.

Argon : An inert gaseous which is colorless and odorless, constituting only one percent of Earth's atmosphere. The chemical symbol is Ar.

Associated Gas : Gas combined with oil.

Aquifer : An underground storage facility for storing natural gas. It consists of water-bearing sands covered by an impermeable cap rock.

(B)
Bed : A layer of rock consisting mainly sediments, which is same in composition. A bedding plane separates one bed from the other.

Biomass Gas : A gas containing methane and carbon dioxide, produced from the action of microorganisms on organic materials.

Btu : British Thermal Unit, a unit of measurement for energy, representing the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by 1 degree, Fahrenheit.

(C)
Carbon Dioxide : An incombustible gas,colorless, odorless gas with chemical symbol CO2. The gas is formed during respiration, combustion, and organic decomposition.

City-gate : A measuring station or a point at which a gas distribution company receives gas from a pipeline company.

Compressed Natural Gas : Produced by compressing methane (CH4) extracted from natural gas, CNG is a substitute for petrol or diesel fuel.

Compressor Station : Facility available in gas plants to supply the energy to flow gas in transmission lines by increasing the pressure of the gas.

Cryogenics : Is that branch of physics and engineering studying the production of very low temperatures and the behavior of objects at those temperatures. Cryogenic gas: The gas that is produced by using the cryogenic process.

Cubic Foot : The unit of measurement of gas volume.

Commercial Consumption : Gas used by non-manufacturing agencies basically engaged in the sale of goods or services.

(D)
Depleted Storage Field : An underground, natural geological reservoir, usually a gas field or depleted oil, used for storing natural gas.

Dry Natural Gas Production : The process of producing consumer-grade natural gas.

Dry Gas : Natural gas composed of methane in major amounts with only minor amounts of propane, ethane, propane and butane and little or no heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline range.

Dry ice : The solid form of CO2.

(E)
Exploration : The process of searching for gases and oil preliminary to development.

Endothermic : A reaction which occurs with heat absorption. Exothermic: A reaction that occurs with heat evolution.

(G)
Gas compressor : A device that raises the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.

Gas field : A field containing natural gas but no oil. Gas generator: In chemical application it is a device to generate gases in the laboratory and in mechanical terms it is a tool to supply a high-pressure gas flow to drive compressors

Gas plant : A plant involved in the exploration, processing, purifying raw gases and producing the final purified output.

Gas regulator : It is used to reduce the pressure of a gas, as it passes through a process line or a cylinder to another piece of equipment

(H)
Heat exchanger : Used to transfer heat from one fluid or gas to another while obstructing the two from intermingling.

Hydrocarbon : An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

Hydrogen : This is the most abundant gas in the universe. A colorless, highly flammable gaseous element, it is the lightest of all gases. Its chemical symbol is H2.

(I)
Inert gas : A colorless, tasteless and odorless gases which are inert, i.e., forming no chemical compounds. For example: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. They are also known as noble gases.

(L)
Local Distribution Company (LDC) : A retail gas distribution company that delivers natural gas to end users.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) : Natural gas which has been liquefied for storage.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) : A gas, like propane and butane. It contains certain specific hydrocarbons which are gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions but can be liquefied under moderate pressure at normal temperatures.

(M)
Methane : Primary component of natural gas.

(N)
Natural Gas : Naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases, the primary component of which is methane and found in porous geologic formations.

Natural Gas Liquids : Hydrocarbon components of wet gas. Nitrogen membrane system: A system to produce pure nitrogen by using nitrogen membrane. It is a non-cryogenic technique of producing nitrogen.

Nitrous oxide : Also known as laughing gas, it is colorless gas with a sweet taste and used as a mild anesthetic in dentistry and surgery. Its chemical symbol is N2O. Non cryogenic gas: Gas produced using the non cryogenic technique.

(O)
Oil : A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons having different molecular weights.

Oxygen : One of the most abundant chemical elements on Earth, it is a life sustaining gas used in many industrial, commercial, medical, and scientific applications.

(P)
Pipeline : A continuous pipe conduit, with valves, compressor stations, and meters, for transporting gas from one point to another.

PSA : Pressure swing adsorption. A technology widely used in gas production by separating bulk gas mixtures and purification of gas streams

(S)
Scrubber : Piece of equipment through which combustion gases are passed in order to remove contaminants.

(U)
Underground Gas Storage : A sub-surface facilities used for storing gas that has been transferred from its original location.

(V)
VPSA : The technique of generation of relatively high purity oxygen at medium sized plants.

Vented Gas : Gas released into the air at processing plants.
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