(A)
Absorption : The process of extracting components (one or more) from
a mixture of gases when liquids and gases come into contact.
Acetylene : A highly flammable or explosive, colorless, gas with
chemical symbol C2H2.
Air dryer : A device used to dry air and is mounted directly after
an air compressor.
Ammonia crackers : It is a device with a furnace comprising a
catalyst that breaks up ammonia gas into nitrogen and hydrogen.
Argon : An inert gaseous which is colorless and odorless,
constituting only one percent of Earth's atmosphere. The chemical symbol is
Ar.
Associated Gas : Gas combined with oil.
Aquifer : An underground storage facility for storing natural gas.
It consists of water-bearing sands covered by an impermeable cap rock.
(B)
Bed : A layer of rock consisting mainly sediments, which is same in
composition. A bedding plane separates one bed from the other.
Biomass Gas : A gas containing methane and carbon dioxide, produced
from the action of microorganisms on organic materials.
Btu : British Thermal Unit, a unit of measurement for energy,
representing the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of
one pound of water by 1 degree, Fahrenheit.
(C)
Carbon Dioxide : An incombustible gas,colorless, odorless gas with
chemical symbol CO2. The gas is formed during respiration, combustion, and
organic decomposition.
City-gate : A measuring station or a point at which a gas
distribution company receives gas from a pipeline company.
Compressed Natural Gas : Produced by compressing methane (CH4)
extracted from natural gas, CNG is a substitute for petrol or diesel fuel.
Compressor Station : Facility available in gas plants to supply the
energy to flow gas in transmission lines by increasing the pressure of the
gas.
Cryogenics : Is that branch of physics and engineering studying the
production of very low temperatures and the behavior of objects at those
temperatures. Cryogenic gas: The gas that is produced by using the cryogenic
process.
Cubic Foot : The unit of measurement of gas volume.
Commercial Consumption : Gas used by non-manufacturing agencies
basically engaged in the sale of goods or services.
(D)
Depleted Storage Field : An underground, natural geological
reservoir, usually a gas field or depleted oil, used for storing natural
gas.
Dry Natural Gas Production : The process of producing consumer-grade
natural gas.
Dry Gas : Natural gas composed of methane in major amounts with only
minor amounts of propane, ethane, propane and butane and little or no
heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline range.
Dry ice : The solid form of CO2.
(E)
Exploration : The process of searching for gases and oil preliminary
to development.
Endothermic : A reaction which occurs with heat absorption.
Exothermic: A reaction that occurs with heat evolution.
(G)
Gas compressor : A device that raises the pressure of a gas by
reducing its volume.
Gas field : A field containing natural gas but no oil. Gas
generator: In chemical application it is a device to generate gases in the
laboratory and in mechanical terms it is a tool to supply a high-pressure
gas flow to drive compressors
Gas plant : A plant involved in the exploration, processing,
purifying raw gases and producing the final purified output.
Gas regulator : It is used to reduce the pressure of a gas, as it
passes through a process line or a cylinder to another piece of equipment
(H)
Heat exchanger : Used to transfer heat from one fluid or gas to
another while obstructing the two from intermingling.
Hydrocarbon : An organic compound containing only carbon and
hydrogen.
Hydrogen : This is the most abundant gas in the universe. A
colorless, highly flammable gaseous element, it is the lightest of all
gases. Its chemical symbol is H2.
(I)
Inert gas : A colorless, tasteless and odorless gases which are
inert, i.e., forming no chemical compounds. For example: helium, neon,
argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. They are also known as noble gases.
(L)
Local Distribution Company (LDC) : A retail gas distribution company
that delivers natural gas to end users.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) : Natural gas which has been liquefied
for storage.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) : A gas, like propane and butane. It
contains certain specific hydrocarbons which are gaseous under normal
atmospheric conditions but can be liquefied under moderate pressure at
normal temperatures.
(M)
Methane : Primary component of natural gas.
(N)
Natural Gas : Naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and
non-hydrocarbon gases, the primary component of which is methane and found
in porous geologic formations.
Natural Gas Liquids : Hydrocarbon components of wet gas. Nitrogen
membrane system: A system to produce pure nitrogen by using nitrogen
membrane. It is a non-cryogenic technique of producing nitrogen.
Nitrous oxide : Also known as laughing gas, it is colorless gas with
a sweet taste and used as a mild anesthetic in dentistry and surgery. Its
chemical symbol is N2O. Non cryogenic gas: Gas produced using the non
cryogenic technique.
(O)
Oil : A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons having different molecular
weights.
Oxygen : One of the most abundant chemical elements on Earth, it is
a life sustaining gas used in many industrial, commercial, medical, and
scientific applications.
(P)
Pipeline : A continuous pipe conduit, with valves, compressor
stations, and meters, for transporting gas from one point to another.
PSA : Pressure swing adsorption. A technology widely used in gas
production by separating bulk gas mixtures and purification of gas streams
(S)
Scrubber : Piece of equipment through which combustion gases are
passed in order to remove contaminants.
(U)
Underground Gas Storage : A sub-surface facilities used for storing
gas that has been transferred from its original location.
(V)
VPSA : The technique of generation of relatively high purity oxygen
at medium sized plants.
Vented Gas : Gas released into the air at processing plants.
Gas Plants Glossary
